Rafaela Alves Fernandes
Abstract:
Aimed to evaluate the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in different management and land use systems in a Cerrado dystroferric Red Latosol, located at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) - Jataí Campus. Ten simple samples were collected from each of the four management and use systems (coffee plantation, no-tillage, pasture and native Cerrado). The collections were made in Sep/2007 and in Mar/2008. Part of the soil taken from the field was cultivated in a greenhouse with Brachiaria brizantha, aiming at the recovery of species that could not be found in situ. Chemical analyzes of soil, extraction, counting and identification of AMF species were performed through spores and root colonization of field samples. A total of 42 species were recovered: 18 Acaulospora, 10 Scutellospora, 07 Glomus, 06 Gigaspora and 01 Paraglomus. Of all the species found, 10 could not be identified, which may be indicative of potential new species. A larger number of species were recovered in the dry season compared to the rainy season. There was no difference between the samples collected in the field and those grown in the greenhouse, considering number of species and spore density. The species Gi. decipiens and Gi. margarita were found in all systems, regardless of the collection period. The coffee area presented the lowest species diversity, while the no-tillage and pasture systems presented the highest diversity, as shown by the Shannon-Weiner index. Therefore, we can say that the higher the intensity of land use, the smaller the diversity of AMFs, which may influence the behavior of plant species present in the system.
